I went up to Hay Bluff this morning, by a roundabout route, with Mary Anne. We were checking out the route that the Enchanted Hour Tour is going to take around the local sites of historical interest.
Mainly, we were checking that the route was easy to follow, so we didn't get lost, and that there was enough parking at each place we wanted to stop.
So we're doing two loops, one round Clyro and one round Llanigon.
For Clyro, we're stopping at the Roman fort at Boatside Farm, and Cwrt Ifan Gwynne (which was a Welsh castle). We overshot the entrance to Cwrt Ifan Gwynne, which is also a Radnorshire Wildlife Trust site featuring dormice - distances that seemed quite long when I was walking are a lot shorter in a car!
From there we go into Clyro and up the main road just past the petrol station. Right next to the house there, in the field, is a Bronze Age barrow. Then we head back to Hay, stopping at Clyro Castle on the way.
On the other side of Hay we're going up the side road to Llanigon that leads up to Llanthomas Farm, for the site of Llanigon Castle (now a bungalow). I was amazed at how many new houses have been built there since I last went that way!
Then we head up the lane next to Old Forge Garage to Penywyrlod. Sadly, it wasn't possible to find a place to park near the Neolithic tomb, but there's plenty of space on the road at the old farmhouse, which also has a fascinating history.
And from there it's a straight run up to Hay Bluff car park, for a game of Hunt the Stone Circle (it's really quite easy to miss!). Back when it was built, it was an important local monument - the family tombs down in the valley all have a view up to the stone circle, and what probably happened was that small rituals happened at the tombs, but several times a year people would hike up the mountain for more elaborate rituals at the circle.
On the way back down to Hay, there's also Twyn y Beddau, another Bronze Age tomb. This one's even got a noticeboard to read. It also has rocks on the top to stop the scramble bikes from riding over it - but that didn't stop one young man when we were there. "Oi!" I yelled at him, "that's a 4,000 year old tomb!"
"Uh, sorry," he mumbled, as he rode away.
If anyone wants to go on the tour, it starts from Hay Library at 2pm on Friday 18th July - tickets available from the library. No-one so far really wanted to go in a minibus, so it's going to be a fleet of cars (hence the checking to make sure we could all park at each site!).
Mary Anne asked me to give a quick overview of the different periods of history and prehistory for this area, so here goes:
For our purposes, we start with the Neolithic, the New Stone Age. There would have been earlier people in the area, but they left very little trace that we can see today. The Neolithic people lived in extended family groups, each with their own family tomb, and centred around Hay Bluff, where they built their stone circle. This would be around 5,000 years ago.
Then came the Bronze Age, and a change in burial practices. Tombs got smaller, with only a small number of burials (I don't know where everyone else was buried). Often the tombs are in places that overlook the tribal lands of the group that built them. This would be about 4,000 years ago.
The Iron Age tribe in the area is the first one that we know the name of - the Silures. They were the ones who attacked the Roman fort at Boatside Farm and drove the Romans out of their tribal territory. Iron started to be used around 800BC. The Romans arrived in Britain in 43AD, and built the fort at Boatside around 60AD.
The traditional date for the Romans leaving Britain is 410AD, and by this time the Silures were becoming Welsh. The Normans arrived in 1066AD, and very quickly moved across the country, building castles everywhere, especially in disputed territory like the Welsh Marches. This is also the time that the medieval monasteries were an important part of the landscape - right up until Henry VIII closed them down. Disputes about religion are part of the history of Penywyrlod Farm, which was an important local centre for Puritans to meet and worship together, to the disapproval of the Church of England.
So that's a very basic timeline, but it at least gives an idea of the periods that the ancient monuments belong to.